![]() It marks a specific place where something happened. The tricky part with this is just remembering that this is not a directional particle. This is one of the most common ways for you to use the particle で. Then you’ll be sounding like a native in no time. The Particles can be kind of tricky sometimes, but if you practice and study, you’ll be able to get them down. However, で (de) tends to be used when the verb is an action rather than に (ni), which focuses more when the verb has relations with just being or existing. The particle で (de) much like に (ni), focuses on the location of a certain action. So you could say “Tokyo e no basu” (東京へのバス), meaning “the bus going to Tokyo,” 9.Japanese Particles : で (de) ![]() The one rule is that you can’t put “no” (の) after に, so you need to use へ in those situations. It’s mostly just based on personal preference with your speaking style. Those would be the “direct contact” and “direction” uses. Japanese people will use へ and に almost interchangeably with the 4th and 7th uses I gave above. When I learned these particles, I learned that に showed direction with a very specific endpoint while へ showed a more general direction (“towards” rather than “to”). So how does へ fit into all of this? First of all, remember that へ as a particle is pronounced “e,” even though it is written as “he.” However, に (ni) is more of a utilitarian word, compared to へ (e) which is more of a vague 京都へ行きます。 In most cases, sentences with a verb of motion and に (ni) can be replaced with へ (e), with few changes in the sentence’s meaning as a whole. Using with verbs of motion is one of the many functions that に (ni) has, but へ (e) is also used with verbs of motion but not as much. Since its purpose varies in the situation, we will discuss three types: as “at”, “in”, “on” and “to”, as an indication of time, and as an indication of motion. に (ni) is one of the particles that is the most multi-purpose. I’m going to break these down into the seven different uses my grammar book has listed. This particle has a lot of uses, and it can be translated as “at,” “to,” “on,” or even other English words, depending on context. You can say “Eki made ikimashita” (駅まで行きました), which would mean “I went as far as the train station.”įirst, let’s take a look at に.
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